Author:常亚春 | 2020.02.06
2020年2月4日,中国科学院武汉病毒研究所在官网发布了《我国学者在抗2019新型冠状病毒药物筛选方面取得重要进展》一文,文中称:“近日,中国科学院武汉病毒研究所/生物安全大科学研究中心与军事科学院军事医学研究院国家应急防控药物工程技术研究中心开展联合研究,在抑制2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)药物筛选方面取得重要进展。相关研究成果以“Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro”(《瑞得西韦和磷酸氯喹能在体外有效抑制新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)》)为题发表在中国自主知识产权的国际知名学术期刊Cell Research(《细胞研究》)上。 该研究表明,在Vero E6细胞上,瑞得西韦(Remdesivir, GS-5734)对2019-nCoV的半数有效浓度EC50=0.77 uM(微摩尔每升),选择指数SI大于129;磷酸氯喹(Chloroquine)的EC50=1.13 uM,SI大于88,说明上述两种药物在细胞水平上能有效抑制2019-nCoV的感染,其在人体上的作用还有待临床验证。”因此,该研究所“对在我国尚未上市,且具有知识产权壁垒的药物瑞得西韦,我们依据国际惯例,从保护国家利益的角度出发,在1月21日申报了中国发明专利(抗2019新型冠状病毒的用途),并将通过PCT(专利合作协定)途径进入全球主要国家。”
通过查阅“Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro”原文可知,武汉病毒研究所在武汉新型肺炎爆发后,由于世界上并没有针对该类病毒的特效药,因此,最有效的方法是用现有的比较接近的抗病毒药进行测试。由于2019-nCoV属于乙型冠状病毒,同时含有SARS冠状病毒和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV),因此,该所将曾用于SARS or MERS的药物ribavirin, interferon, lopinavir-ritonavir, corticosteroids进行研究,并得出了5种FAD批准的药物ribavirin, penciclovir, nitazoxanide, nafamostat, chloroquine和两种知名的抗病毒药物瑞得西韦(GS-5734)和favipiravir(T-705)对2019-nCoV的体外抗病毒效果报告。
鉴于目前通过公开渠道尚无法获得该所申请日为2020年1月21日的发明专利“抗2019新型冠状病毒的用途”的全部专利文件,相关发明的实际内容尚不得而知。故本文仅从专利角度谈一下相关技术的授权问题。
一、物质的医药用途如果是用于诊断或治疗疾病,则会因属于专利法第二十五条第一款第(三)项规定的情形,不能授予专利权。因此,该专利的申请文件撰写要注意不要落入该项法律规定的范围。
二、用途发明是一种方法发明,其权利要求属于方法类型。涉及到类似化学产品的用途发明应当是基于发现产品新的性能,并利用此性能作出的发明,无论是新产品还是已知产品。也就是说,本文所涉及的瑞得西韦(GS-5734)是一种已知药物,即便该药物已有专利授权,但是基于其新的性能只要不属于专利法第二十五条第一款第(三)项规定的情形,也可以授予发明专利权,但这类发明通常会用“在制药中的应用”、“在制备治疗某病的药物中的应用”等属于制药方法类型的用途权利要求来申请专利。
三、化学产品的医药用途发明新颖性的审查
1、新用途与原已知用途是否实质不同;
2、新用途是否被原已知用途的作用机理、药理作用所直接揭示;
3、新用途是否属于原已知用途的上位概念;
4、给药对象、给药方式、途径、用量及时间间隔等与使用有关的特征是否对制药过程具有限定作用。
四、已知化学产品用途发明的创造性审查
对于已知产品的用途发明,如果该用途不能从产品本身的结构、组成、分子量、已知的物理化学性质以及该产品的现有用途显而易见地得出或者预见到,而是利用了产品新发现的性质,并且产生了预料不到的技术效果,可认为这种已知产品的用途发明有创造性。
综上所述,“抗2019新型冠状病毒的用途”技术能否最终取得中国发明专利授权,还要过五关、斩六将,经过上述所有要件的审查才能最终获得专利权!
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