Author:刘鹏 王华鹏 | 2019.01.28
引言
近期上海证券交易所颁布《上海证券交易所上市公司回购股份实施细则》(以下简称“《实施细则》”),废止了《上海证券交易所上市公司以集中竞价交易方式回购股份业务指引》(以下简称“《回购指引》”),《实施细则》主要从落实《公司法》、完善股份回购制度的角度进行了修订,与《回购指引》相比,《实施细则》在如下方面进行了修改和完善。
与《回购指引》仅适用于减少注册资本的适用范围相比,《实施细则》根据最新修订的《公司法》的规定相应扩大了回购股份适用的情形,除包括减少注册资本外,增加了将股份用于员工持股计划或股权激励、将股份用于转化上市公司发行的可转换为股票的公司债券以及上市公司为维护公司价值及股东权益所必需。鉴于《公司法》未对上市公司为维护公司价值及股东权益所必需的情形进行规定,《实施细则》明确了上市公司如果为维护公司价值及股东权益而实施股份回购时应满足的条件,即公司股票收盘价格低于最近一期每股净资产、连续20个交易日内公司股票收盘价格跌幅累计达到30%以及中国证监会规定的其他条件。
鉴于《回购指引》并未对资金来源进行规定,《实施细则》明确了上市公司股份回购的资金来源,包括自有资金、发行优先股、债券募集的资金、发行普通股取得的超募资金、募投项目节余资金和已依法变更为永久补充流动资金的募集资金、金融机构借款以及其他合法资金,同时《实施细则》鼓励上市公司的控股股东、实际控制人为上市公司股份回购提供资金支持,资金来源的灵活性较强。
为避免“忽悠式”回购提议误导投资者,《实施细则》规定回购方案中披露的回购股份数量或者资金总额上限不得超出下限的1倍,通过明确回购股份数量以及回购资金金额的上下限为投资者投资上市公司股票提供信息支持。
为避免因实施股份回购导致上市公司股票价格在二级市场上出现大幅波动,《实施细则》规定了用于减少注册资本、员工持股计划或股权激励以及将股份用于转化上市公司发行的可转换为为股票的公司债券情形下实施股份回购的交易数量限制,即每5个交易日回购股份的数量,不得超过首次回购股份事实发生之日前5个交易日该股票成交量之和的25%,但每5个交易日回购数量不超过100万股的除外,通过此项规定避免因股份回购对上市公司股票在二级市场的不良影响。
《实施细则》规定上市公司如果为维护公司价值及股东权益而实施股份回购情形时回购的股份可以采用集中竞价交易的方式进行减持。为了防范上市公司可能存在的“市场操纵”“不当套利”等违法违规行为,《实施细则》设置了一些约束节制以规避可能出现的违法违规行为,主要包括如下:
第一,回购方案中应详细披露已回购股份的后续处理。《实施细则》规定拟用于出售的回购股份应于回购方案中应明确并披露,未在方案中明确披露用于出售的,已回购股份不得出售,且回购方案披露后,非因充分正当事由不得变更或者终止。
第二,设定持有回购股份的期限,《实施细则》规定上市公司持有已回购的股份满12个月后方可减持。
第三,明确减持所得资金的用途。《实施细则》规定减持所得资金应用于主营业务,不得通过直接或者间接安排用于新股配售、申购,或者用于股票及其衍生品种、可转换公司债券等交易。
第四,设定减持的窗口期。《实施细则》规定上市公司定期报告、业绩预告或者业绩快报公告前10个交易日内以及可能对本公司股票交易价格产生重大影响的重大事项发生之日或者在决策过程中,至依法披露后2个交易日内,上市公司不得减持减持已回购股份。
第五,已回购股份的减持数量限制。《实施细则》通过设置每日减持的数量不得超过减持预披露日前20个交易日日均成交量的25%以及任意连续90日内减持股份的总数不得超过公司股份总数的1%的限制,控制上市公司减持已回购的股份减持节奏,降低对上市公司股票在二级市场的不良影响。
第六,减持股份的信息披露。《实施细则》规定上市公司应于首次减持已回购股份事实发生的次日内、减持已回购股份占上市公司总股本的比例每增加1%的,应当自该事实发生之日起3日内以及每个月的前3个交易日内定期披露减持进展公告,以便投资者及时知悉减持的最新动向。
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