Author:康达十部 | 2017.03.15
又是一年春来到,又是一年“3.15”国际消费者保护日近在眼前,今年消费者权益保护日的主题是“网络诚信 消费无忧”。这一主题很好地回应了过去的一年中出现在消费环节的热点问题和消费者的关切。众所周知,网购所带来的便利引发了该的“消费革命”,也带来了该的维权诉求和监管问题。“工欲善其事,必先利其器”,2014年实施的《网络交易管理办法》依然是今天我们热议的话题,充分理解该《办法》是广大消费者有力维权的重要前提。
《办法》的内容包含了对网络交易主体、客体和行为三方面的规范,涵盖了通过互联网(含移动互联网)销售商品或提供服务的全部经营活动,包括为网络商品交易提供第三方交易平台、宣传推广、信用评价、支付结算、物流、快递、网络接入、服务器托管、虚拟空间租用、网站网页设计制作等各类营利性服务。
现在,就请跟随我们,一起聊一聊该《办法》的亮眼之处:
1、细化消费者权益保护措施
该《办法》在个人信息保护、网络交易完全、售后服务3个方面对于消费者权益的保护进行了细化。
在个人信息保护上,该办法规定,网络商品经营者、有关服务经营者及其工作人员对收集的消费者个人信息必须严格保密,不得泄露、出售或非法向他人提供;应采取技术措施和其他必要措施,确保信息安全,防止信息泄露、丢失;在发生或者可能发生信息泄露、丢失的情况时,应立即采取补救措施。这是针对近年来出现的信息泄露、消费者信息买卖现象的立法交代。
在网络交易安全上,该《办法》坚持了个人网店的“实名制”原则,要求从事网络商品交易的自然人,应当通过第三方交易平台开展经营活动,并向第三方交易平台提交其姓名、地址、有效身份证明、有效联系方式等真实身份信息。对于已经工商行政管理部门登记注册并领取营业执照的法人、其他经济组织或者个体工商户,从事网络商品交易及有关服务的,应当在其网站首页或者从事经营活动的主页面醒目位置公开营业执照登载的信息或者其营业执照的电子链接标识。
在售后服务上,该办法规定,消费者有权自收到商品之日起7日内无理由退货,消费者定做、鲜活易腐、在线下载或者消费者拆封的音像制品、计算机软件等数字化商品、交付的报纸、期刊等除外。该条规定对于消费者来说是在当前对于网购无法全面审视商品缺憾的补足,是对消费者权益的实质性保护。但对经营者来说,则强化了卖方的责任,推高经营者的运营成本。
2、打击不正当经营行为,特别约束第三方交易平台
近年来,网络市场的发展催生出该的“专业差评师”、“刷单员”等角色,严重扰乱了网络市场的经营秩序。针对这一情况,办法详细定义了六种不正当竞争行为,并对网络商品经营者、有关服务经营者不得从事的不正当竞争行为进行了扩充描述。
办法特别提及对于第三方交易平台的特别规定,规定交易平台不得任意调整网店“评级”,同时要求对经营者的信用情况客观、公正地进行采集与记录,建立信用评价体系、信用披露制度以警示交易风险。
3、网络推广服务要求如实披露
《办法》规定,通过博客、微博等网络社交载体提供宣传推广服务、评论商品或者服务并因此取得酬劳的,应当如实披露其性质,避免消费者产生误解。与此同时,为网络商品交易提供信用评价服务的有关服务经营者,应当通过合法途径采集信用信息,不得任意调整用户的信用级别或者相关信息,不得将收集的信用信息用于任何非法用途。
4、管辖执法权的变更
办法规定,网络商品交易及有关服务违法行为由发生违法行为的经营者住所所在地县级以上工商行政管理部门管辖。对于其中通过第三方交易平台开展经营活动的经营者,其违法行为由第三方交易平台经营者住所所在地县级以上工商行政管理部门管辖。
同时,办法该增了对指定管辖的规定:两个以上工商部门因网络商品交易及有关服务违法行为的管辖权发生争议的,应当报请共同上一级工商部门指定管辖。办法的该项规定可避免出现管辖争议、提高执法效能。
因此,2014版《网络交易管理办法》是在当前形势下对于网络交易相对完善和全面的立法,在消费者保护的广度和深度上都有所深入,对于规范我国网络交易市场将起到正面积极的作用。
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