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土地一级开发征用中的法律问题之二

Author:康达十部 | 2016.12.23


在土地一级开发征用中所涉及分家析产与遗产继承的相关法律问题。分家析产与遗产继承,这个在土地一级开发征用中会经常遇到,这两个词语本身不是很难理解,但是,它往往会引发诸多家庭矛盾。法院在调解分家析产纠纷,一般会先认定家庭共有财产的共有人有哪些、区分家庭财产和个人财产,然后根据财产分割原则来分割财产。遗产继承与分家析产是属于两种不同的民事法律关系,应严格区分两者的界限,这不仅有利于保护夫妻个人财产,也有利于保护继承人的合法继承权利。


什么是分家析产

分家析产,指的是家庭成员分割家庭共有财产、各自独立生活的行为。分家析产中包含两个概念,一个是“分家”,另一个是“析产”,分家是将一个较大的家庭根据分家协议而分成几个较小的家庭;析产指的是财产共有人通过协议的方式,根据一定的标准将共同财产予以分割,分属各人所有。导致分家析产的原因往往是因为大家庭成员间的纠纷、矛盾等原因不愿共同生活在一起而对家庭中的共有财产进行分割处分的活动。

分家析产的前提是存在家庭共有财产。家庭共有财产是家庭成员在家庭共同生活期间共同创造、共同所得的共有财产。

形成家庭共有财产必须具备以下条件:

一是具有家庭共有财产取得的法律事实。家庭成员有共同的生产经营活动,或是基于家庭成员的共同继承、共同接受赠与或遗赠,或家庭成员将收入交归家庭共有,等等。

二是一定的家庭结构。由夫妻与其未成年子女组成的家庭一般没有家庭共有财产,即使夫妻共同生产经营,也只有夫妻共有财产,而没有家庭共有财产(共同继承、共同接受赠与或遗赠除外);只有三代或三代以上共同生活的大家庭,或夫妻与成年子女共同生活的家庭,并且共同生产经营,或家庭成员将收入交归家庭共有等,才出现家庭共有财产。


什么是遗产

遗产是公民死亡时遗留的个人合法财产,夫妻在婚姻关系存续期间所得的共同所有的财产,除有约定的以外,如果分割遗产,应当先将共同所有的财产一半分出为配偶所有,其余的为被继承人的遗产。


什么是继承

继承是指继承人按法律的规定或被继承人所立遗嘱继承被继承人遗产的行为。继承由享有继承权的各个继承人按照法律规定的继承顺序进行,或者按照被继承人的遗嘱进行。


遗产继承与分家析产的主要区别有:

1、引发遗产继承和分家析产的法律事实不同。遗产继承是由于被继承人死亡而引发。分家析产是由于家庭成员因为一定的生活和生产需要等各种原因,不需要或不能够再在一起生活,而要求分割家庭共有财产所引发,而人的死亡仅仅是引发分家析产的法律事实之一。

2、两者所处分的财产的性质不同。遗产继承中继承的遗产是被继承人的个人合法财产,而分家析产中所涉及的财产是家庭共有财产。

3、参与的人员不同。遗产继承中的参与人是法律规定或遗嘱指定的继承人;而分家析产中的参与人员是财产的共有人。例如遗产继承中,儿媳一般不作为第一顺序继承人,而儿媳作为家庭财产共有人的分家析产中,儿媳作为参与人之一参与财产分割。

4、两者产生的时间不同。遗产继承自被继承人死亡或被宣布死亡之时开始,而分家析产可以在被继承人死亡之前也可以在被继承人死亡之后,对此没有限制。

5、两者适用的法律不同。遗产继承的法律依据是《中华人民共和国继承法》,根据该法规定按照法定继承的顺序或是遗嘱继承的顺序进行继承。而分家析产依据的《中华人民共和国民法通则》关于共同共有的规定进行,往往是对财产根据人数或需求平均分割。

遗产继承与分家析产虽然都导致财产所有权发生变化,但是两者有原则上的区别,且分家析产中往往含有继承和分家析产两种法律行为,所以严格区分两者有着重要的意义。


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