EN 中文

原创
精选案例

关于“党大还是法大”问题的一封信

Author:付洋 | 2016.08.26



【作者题记】常有人向我问起彭真对于“党大还是法大”问题的看法,最近老友马晓力也向我问起。我复信以答。现录于此,供大家参考。

晓力:你好!

彭关于社会主义民主法制建设以及涉及“人治、法制”、“党大还是法大”的论述,主要见于《彭真文选》。其中,1983年12月的《进一步实施宪法严格按照宪法办事》和1984年3月的《不仅要靠党的政策,而且要依法办事》两篇,我认为尤其重要。

在前一篇中彭讲:“在我国,党领导人民制定宪法和法律,党也领导人民遵守、执行宪法和法律。坚持党的领导,遵从人民意志,严格依法办事,三者是一致的、统一的。党的各级组织和广大党员模范地遵守和执行宪法,并同全国各族人民一道,同各民主党派和各人民团体一道,共同维护宪法的尊严和保证宪法的实施”。在后一篇中他说:“党的领导与依法办事是一致的、统一的。党领导人民制定宪法和法律,党也领导人民遵守、执行宪法和法律。党章明确规定,党的组织和党员要在宪法和法律的范围内活动。”这和我们党的十八届四中全会的精神完全一致。

关于所谓“党大还是法大”问题,我想做一些说明。据我所知,彭没有对这个问题作出过非此即彼或非是即非的回答。其原因在于,这个问题涉及着复杂的历史、社会现象和理论背景。对于这样的问题,不像1+1=2那样可以简单回答。

举个例子:故意杀人该不该死?古来即有“杀人者死”、“杀人偿命”一类答案。其实这个问题绝非如此简单。为保卫祖国和人民击毙敌人、依法代表国家执行死刑、因正当防卫而杀人,均不在“该死”之列。即使是刑法意义上的故意杀人犯罪,因其动机、情节等等不同,依刑法也未必“该死”。

说到“党大还是法大”:从中共十二大党章开始,就明确规定党必须在宪法和法律的范围内活动。我们的82宪法规定,各政党(当然包括共产党)“都必须以宪法为根本的活动准则,并且负有维护宪法尊严、保证宪法实施的职责。”任何组织或者个人“都必须遵守宪法和法律”,“都不得有超越宪法和法律的特权”。按照这些规定,还不能说是“法大”吗?

问题并非如此简单。讲到党的领导、人民意志和依法治国三者关系,我们必须保障其实现有机的统一,而不能用孰大孰小排座次的方式去认识。比如,随国家、社会乃至世界的发展,随人民利益的需要,修订现行宪法和法律甚至创制新法律的工作总是要进行的。这种修订和创制法律的过程,是要通过党制定相应的政策,与人民共同商议研究得到认可,再通过法定程序加以实现的。这是不能用孰大孰小来描述概括的。

拉拉杂杂说了不少,不知有用否?

顺颂安好!

付  洋

2014年11月8日



Contact Us

BeijingMore

Add.:8/F, Emperor Group Centre, No.12D, Jianwai Avenue, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100022, P.R.China

Tel:+86 10 5086 7666

Fax:+86 10 5691 6450

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

Xi'anMore

Add.:7&15/F, ICLOUD Center, 139 Taibai South Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061

Tel:+86 29 8836 0129

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

ShenzhenMore

Add.:T1-19/F, Kerry Plaza, 1 Zhongxinsi Road, Futian, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518046

Tel:+86 755 8860 0388

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

HaikouMore

Add.:Room 1008-1009, Building A, HUACAI Center, No. 86 Bihai Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou, 570208

Tel:+86 898 6625 4181

Fax:+86 898 6625 5316

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

ShanghaiMore

Add.:Room 905, Tower C, One East, 768 South 1st Zhongshan Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200023

Tel:+86 21 6390 1100

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

GuangzhouMore

Add.:37/F, Litong Plaza, 32 Zhujiang East Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510510

Tel:+86 20 3739 2666

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

HangzhouMore

Add.:Room 1501-1503, Building 2, Xizi International Center, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310002

Tel:+86 571 8577 9929

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

ShenyangMore

Add.:40/F, Sunnyworld Center, 10 Youhao Street, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110013

Tel:+86 24 2250 3388

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

NanjingMore

Add.:26/F, Building A, GE World, 888 Yingtian street, Nanjing, 210008

Tel:+86 25 8411 1616

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

TianjinMore

Add.:Room 2601, Maoye Tower, 78 Haihe East Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, 300141

Tel:+86 22 2445 9827

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

HezeMore

Add.:19/F, West unit, Building B, Hejian Digital building, Renmin Road, Economic Development Zone, Heze, Shandong, 274005

Tel:+86 530 5566 148

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

ChengduMore

Add.:Room 1101, Building 1, Square One, 18 Dongyu Street, Jinjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072

Tel:+86 28 8774 7485

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

SuzhouMore

Add.:12th Floor, Ideal Innovation Building A, No.69 Jiuzhang Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215316

Tel:+86 512 6758 6952

Fax:+86 512 6758 6972

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

HohhotMore

Add.:8/F, Block B, Building 3, Ximeng Nailun International Plaza, Ruyi River Street, Ruyi Development Zone, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050

Tel:+86 471 5166 277

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

Hong KongMore

Add.:Unit No.2002, 20/F West Tower Shun Tak Centre, Nos.168-200 Connaught Road Central, Hong Kong SAR

Tel:+86 852 2333 9989

Fax:+86 852 2333 9186

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

WuhanMore

Add.:Room 1101-1102, 11/F, Yuexiu Fortune Center, 1 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030

Tel:+86 27 8361 5198

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

ZhengzhouMore

Add.:12/F, Building 10, Kineer Center, 51 Nongye South Road, Zhengdong New District, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046

Tel:+86 371 8895 9887

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

ChangshaMore

Add.:32/F, The Sixth Capital Xingye IEC Building, 567 Section 3, Furong Middle Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410021

Tel:+86 731 8218 3551

Fax:+86 731 8218 3551

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

XiamenMore

Add.:23/F, Xinjingdi Building, 469 Gaolin Middle Road, Huli District, Xiamen, 361016

Tel:+86 592 5211 009

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

ChongqingMore

Add.:10/F, Jinjia Guoji Building, 10 Guihua Street, Jiangbei District, Chongqing

Tel:+86 23 6775 9966

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

HefeiMore

Add.:30/F, Block B, West Tower, Huarun Building, Shushan District, Hefei

Tel:+86 551 62930997

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

NingboMore

Add.:27F, Building 5, Ningbo New World Centre, No.51, Sanyanqiao Street, Yinzhou District, Ningbo (Ningbo Tower - 27F), 315199

Tel:(0574)8737 8737

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

JinanMore

Add.:Room 2513, 25/F, Bojing Building, Shuntai Square No. 933, Shuntai North Road, High-tech District, Jinan

Tel:(0531)8828 5613

Fax:

Email:kangda@kangdalawyers.com

Privacy Policy

Kangda Law Firm is a comprehensive law firm established in China. The information on our website is for your reference only and shall not be regarded as a legal opinion or advice for visitors to the site, and should not be used as the basis for an action or omission.

We have the intellectual property rights to the words and pictures and other information contained on this website. Please do not reprint or use it without authorization.

The third party websites with hyperlinks to this site are not under this control and are for your convenience only and do not assume any express, implied warranty or liability to visitors of such sites.

Welcome to this website and please contact us for any questions.