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加强保护未成年人、妇女、老人等弱势群体的权利 --五评《刑法修正案(九)》

Author:唐新波 | 2016.06.17


《刑法修正案(九)》的一个重大特点就是加强了对保护未成年人、妇女、老人等弱势群体的权利保护,将法益归属于他们。现逐条简要解析如下。


加强打击拐卖妇女儿童,收买妇女儿童者,一律入罪

将刑法第二百四十一条第六款修改为:“收买被拐卖的妇女、儿童,对被买儿童没有虐待行为,不阻碍对其进行解救的,可以从轻处罚;按照被买妇女的意愿,不阻碍其返回原居住地的,可以从轻或者减轻处罚。”

该条主要修改如下:删除了原条文中“可以不追究刑事责任”的规定,将所有收买妇女儿童的行为都规定为犯罪,这样规定,将法益归属于被拐卖的妇女儿童,打击买方市场,没有买卖,就没有拐卖,是适当的。不过,在现实中,也有被拐卖的妇女开始不愿意,但后来结婚生子,两口子关系也不错;也有的儿童被亲生父母卖掉,被收买后与收买人家庭建立了深厚情谊。但这毕竟是少数现象,相对于绝大多数被拐卖妇女儿童而言,相对于维护整个社会家庭亲情稳定而言,个别和少数被拐卖人的利益最大化就必须牺牲了。

但是法律并未就此绝情,为此,该条还同时规定:对被买儿童没有虐待行为,不阻碍对其进行解救的,可以从轻处罚;按照被买妇女的意愿,不阻碍其返回原居住地的,可以从轻或者减轻处罚。


扩大了“强制猥亵、侮辱”范围,加强了人权保护

将刑法第二百三十七条修改为:“以暴力、胁迫或者其他方法强制猥亵他人或者侮辱妇女的,处五年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。

 “聚众或者在公共场所当众犯前款罪的,或者有其他恶劣情节的,处五年以上有期徒刑。“

“猥亵儿童的,依照前两款的规定从重处罚。”

 将强制猥亵对象,从妇女儿童,扩大到他人。除了聚众或者在公共场所当众犯罪从重处罚外,增加了“其他恶劣情节”也从重处罚的规定。


适当调整自诉情形,加强保护妇女、儿童、老人

将原条文“第二百六十条 虐待家庭成员,情节恶劣的,处二年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。

犯前款罪,致使被害人重伤、死亡的,处二年以上七年以下有期徒刑。

第一款罪,告诉的才处理。”中的第三款修改为“第一款罪,告诉的才处理,但被害人没有能力告诉,或者因受到强制、威吓无法告诉的除外。”

为此将原来虐待罪自诉案件增加了“被害人没有能力告诉,或者因受到强制、威吓无法告诉的除外”公诉案件范围,加强了对于被虐待家庭成员的权利保护。


加强保护被监护人、看护人权利

新增条文:在刑法第二百六十条后增加一条,作为第二百六十条之一:“对未成年人、老年人、患病的人、残疾人等负有监护、看护职责的人虐待被监护、看护的人,情节恶劣的,处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。”

“单位犯前款罪的,对单位判处罚金,并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员,依照前款的规定处罚。“

“有第一款行为,同时构成其他犯罪的,依照处罚较重的规定定罪处罚。”

这是新增的“虐待被监护、看护人罪”。

此规定,不仅监护人、看护人可以入罪,有责任和义务的幼儿园、学校、福利院、养老院等单位也可构成犯罪,且规定“有第一款行为,同时构成其他犯罪的,依照处罚较重的规定定罪处罚。”

凸现对被监护、看护人的权利保护。


加大打击组织卖淫、强迫卖淫

将《刑法》第三百五十八条修改为:“组织、强迫他人卖淫的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;情节严重的,处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑,并处罚金或者没收财产。”

“组织、强迫未成年人卖淫的,依照前款的规定从重处罚。“

“犯前两款罪,并有杀害、伤害、强奸、绑架等犯罪行为的,依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。”

“为组织卖淫的人招募、运送人员或者有其他协助组织他人卖淫行为的,处五年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金;情节严重的,处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑,并处罚金。”

虽然新条文废除了组织卖淫罪、强迫卖淫罪的死刑,但是新法条将原文中判处十年以上有期徒刑的情形由五种扩大为“情节严重”,加大了对组织卖淫、强迫卖淫罪打击。还增加了对组织、强迫未成年人卖淫的,从重处罚。另外,新增规定,“有杀害、伤害、强奸、绑架等犯罪行为的,依照数罪并罚的规定处罚。”

此外,在财产刑方面,并处罚金和没收财产,凸现打击力度。



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